Monday, February 11, 2019

Banana Bond in Di-borane

Diborane is an electron deficient molecule. The two boron atoms and the four terminal hydrogen atoms of the molecule are all in the same plane. These four terminal B -H bonds are regular 2-centered- 2 electron bonds.

The bridging hydrogen atoms lie above and below this plane. The two bridges B-H-B bonds are unusual three centered two electron bonds. The boron atoms in diborane undergo sp³ hybridisation. The overlapping of a vacant sp³ hybrid orbital of one boron atom and sp³ hybrid orbital of another boron atom containing one electron with the pure s -orbital of bridging hydrogen containing one electron results in the "banana bond" .Similarly other banana bond is formed on other side .


Bent Bond in Cyclopropane


Some Common Expolsives and Some Structures


Anti, Gauche and Eclipsed Form of Butane

The conformations produced by rotation about the central carbon-carbon bond.


Types of Isomers in Organic Chemistry

Isomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula, but have a different arrangement of the atoms in space. That excludes any different arrangements which are simply due to the molecule rotating as a whole, or rotating about particular bonds.


Sunday, February 10, 2019

Quasi Aromatic

Those aromatic compounds in which +ve or -ve charge is part of Huckle's rule or aromaticity, i.e., the charge is present in the ring, are called quasi aromatic compounds or most preferably quasi aromatic ions.


Organic Chemistry

If organic chemistry is the study of carbon, then why isn't carbon dioxide considered to be an organic compound?

The answer is because organic molecules don't just contain carbon. They contain hydrocarbons or carbon bonded to hydrogen.

When you're determining whether a carbon compound is organic or not, look to see whether it contains hydrogen in addition to carbon and whether the carbon is bonded to the hydrogen.

Carbon dioxide isn't the only compound that contains carbon but isn't organic. Other examples include carbon monoxide (CO), sodium bicarbonate, iron cyanide complexes, and carbon tetrachloride. Amorphous carbon, buckminsterfullerene, graphite, and diamond are all inorganic.


Quinine

Quinine occurs naturally in the bark of the cinchona tree, though it has also been synthesized in the laboratory. Quinine has a molecular formula of C20H24N2O2. It is a natural white crystalline alkaloid having antipyretic (fever-reducing), antimalarial, analgesic (painkilling), and anti-inflammatory properties and a bitter taste.


Naming carboxylic acids which contain other functional groups

In the case of molecules containing carboxylic acid and alcohol functional groups the OH is named as a hydroxyl substituent. However, the l in hydroxyl is generally removed.

In the case of molecules containing a carboxylic acid and aldehydes and/or ketones functional groups the carbonyl is named as a "Oxo" substituent.

For dicarboxylic acids the location numbers for both carboxyl groups are omitted because both functional groups are expected to occupy the ends of the parent chain. The ending –dioic acid is added to the end of the parent chain.